Weeds Description

Weeds are plants whose presence is not desirable in agricultural land due to lower results can be achieved by crop production.

Technical limitation and plastic weed. Technically, since hooked up with a production process of agricultural crops. The presence of weeds down results by interrupting the production of plant growth through competition. Plastic, since this restriction does not bind to a species of plant. On some level, useful plants can be weeds. Conversely, plants that are usually considered weeds can also be considered non-intrusive. Example, soybeans are grown on the sidelines of monoculture cropping corn can be considered a weed, but in intercropping systems are both the main crop. Nevertheless, some plant species are known as major weeds, such as puzzles (Cyperus rotundus) and reeds.

The study of weeds, behavior, and is known as the science of weed control.

Based on morphology, weeds are divided into 3 groups, namely weed grasses, weeds tekian, and broad leaf weeds.

Group tekian weeds (sedges) has exceptional durability against mechanical control because it has a stem tuber in the soil that can last for months. In addition, the weed is run C4 photosynthesis pathway that makes it very efficient in quickly mastered the agricultural area. Characteristics are rod-shaped cross section triangular, rounded, and not hollow, having successive leaves along the stem in three rows, do not have the tongue leaves and growing point is hidden. This group includes all members of the Cyperaceae (puzzle-tekian tribe) who become a weed. Examples: puzzles fields (Cyperus rotundus), udelan (Cyperus kyllinga), and Scirpus moritimus.

Group of mostly herbaceous weeds from gramineae family (Poaceae). The size of this group varies weeds, there is an upright, spreading, live seasonal, or annual basis. The crackers are called culms, are divided into sections with books contained between sections. Stems grow alternately on the two books at each of the leaf segment consists of two parts, namely the leaf midrib and leaf blade. Examples of grass weeds, including: Panicium repens, Eleusine indica, Axonopus compressus and others.

Class of broad leaf weeds (leaf board) is derived from a variety of weeds, such as Dicotyledoneae included in this group. Weeds usually grow at the end of cultivation.Competition against the major crops in the form of light competition. Meristems formed in leaf buds and is very sensitive to kemikalia. There are stomata on the leaves, especially on the lower surface, more prevalent. There are buds on nodusa, as well as the growing point is located in the branch. Examples of this weed ceplukan (Physalis angulata L.), wedusan (Ageratum conyzoides L.), Sembung hair (Mikania michranta), and daughter of shame (Mimosa pudica).

Based on the life cycle, weeds can be divided into three, namely weed annuals, bi season weeds, and perennial weeds.

Weeds Season (Annual Weeds) only less than one year old. Generally reproduce by seeds, rapid growth, with very high reproducibility. After the beans cook, usually weeds will die. Seeds produced in the first year will generally experience dormancy, and grow back the following year. There is a broad leaf weeds season, puzzles annuals, annuals and grass weeds in fact this is an economically important weeds in rice plants. Existence because bestow seed production. Examples of these types of weeds, some of them: Spinach spines (Amaranthus spinosus L.), Rat Tail (Heliotripium indicum L.), Urang aring (Eclipta prostrate L.), Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.), Puzzles (Cyperus compressus L.) , Jekeng or Teki Rendul (Iria Cyperus L.), Jampang Piit (Digitaria adscendens (HBK) Hern.), Jajagoan leutik (Echinochloa colonum (L) Link.), And Grass empirit (Era-grotis OK amabilis), red rice (Oryza sativa).

Biennial Weeds aged between 1-2 years. First, the weeds are growing vegetatively in rosette form, then the following year formed the generative organs by producing flower, produce seed and die. Bilingual weeds season are often found in areas that have 4 seasons. Examples of these types of weeds: Spoon leaves (Plantago sp.), Sunduk welut (Cyperus difformis L.), Daughter of Shame (Mimosa pudica L.), wild carrot (Daucus carata), Dandelion (Taraxacum spp.), Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), Common mullein (Verbascum Thapsus), Burdock (Arctium sp.), Black-berry (Rubus sp.)
Annual weeds (perennial Weeds) aged more than 2 years. Generally proliferate vegetatively, but there are some species that breed in vegetative and generative. The organs of vegetative propagation in the form of roots, rhizomes, tubers and stolon. Cutting these organs usually occurs during the processing of land. Examples are: Kremek (Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC), Jukut ibun (Drymaria cordata Willd.), Puzzles (Cyperus rotundus L.), The interpreter or Wlingi (Scirpus grossus L.), Papahitan (Axonopus compressus (Swatz) Beauv ), Jajahean or lampuyangan (Panicum repens L.), Kakawatan (Cyndon dactylon L. PRES), Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beauv), Kolomento (Leersia hexandra Swartz), and tembelekan (Lantana camara L.).
Based on the growth of (habitat), weeds can be divided into 4 groups, namely: weeds on land, semi-aquatic weeds, aquatic weeds, and weeds aerial.
Weeds terrestrial (Terrestrial weed) is a weed that grows on the surface of land or dry land and will die when filled with water. For example: Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv.), Grass bitter (Axonopus compressus), Paspalum conjugatum, Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.), Daughter of shame (Mimosa pudica), Jukut gagajihan (Tridax procumbens), Cacalincingan (Oxalis carniculata ), Kirinyuh (Eupatorium odoratum), Antanan (Centella asiatica), and Antanan leutik (Hydrocotyle asiatica).

Semi-aquatic weed (semi-aquatic weed) Ie weeds that can live on land / water and in dry places, with high adaptability. For example: Lampuyangan (Panicum repens), Kakawatan (Cynodon dactylon), Scirpus spp., Fimbristilis spp.

Aquatic weeds / weed water (aquatic weed) is a life in the water weeds or weeds that part or all of his life in the water. For example: Kayambang (Saluinia molesta), Genjer (Limnocharis plava), Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Panon munding (Fimbristylis liottoralis), Ki apu / wood apu (Piistia stratiotes), Hidrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), Wewehan (Monochoria vaginalis), Cacabean (Ludwigia octovalis), Ganggeng (Cerotophyllum demersum), Marsilea crenata.
Weeds aerial (aerial weed) is a weed that lives are not in the ground or in water and most are parasites. Examples: Grass devil (Striga asiatica) whose life is parasitic on corn and rice, bitter Grass (Axonopus compressus), and so on.

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